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This work sheds light on the effect of boswellic acid compounds (Alpha boswellic acid, Beta boswellic acid, 11-keto beta boswellic acid and 3-Acetyl-11-keto beta boswellic acid) upon inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 M-pro and O-M-pro (Main protease). A good docking score (-8.4 kcal/mol) is found in the case of 3-Acetyl-11-keto beta boswellic acid as compared to the reference and three other boswellic acid compounds. ADMET results suggest that all these compounds are nontoxic and their pharmacokinetic properties are satisfactory. Moreover, a stability analysis with M-pro/O-M-pro through RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonds and Rg parameters in MD simulations is made and we found better values than the reference case. Pre and post-MD structures of Ligands-M-pro show a similar binding site whereas a drift can be noted for L-O-M-pro. 3-Acetyl-11-keto beta boswellic acid shows an average of five hydrogen bonds and it remains stable within the binding pocket of M-pro during the simulation period in comparison to other boswellic acids compounds. Various metastable conformations are observed for all compounds in FEL (free energy landscape), however, Acyclovir-M-pro, Alpha boswellic acid-M-pro and Beta boswellic acid-O-M-pro display only one global minimum. The results suggest that these compounds can be used as potential lead molecules for breakthroughs in drug discovery.
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Several studies have suggested that "cytokine storms" are significant causes of the severity of COVID-19. Controlling and inhibiting the cytokine storm in COVID-19 could prevent the spread of COVID-19 and saves patient lives. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is known to have various biological activities. This study aims to examine bioactive compounds in SSE and the effect of SSE on the ARDS rats model. A total of 25 Sprague Dawley Lipopolysaccharide-induced rats were used. Determination of serum IL-1β, IL-12, and lung TNF-α levels was performed by ELISA method. NF-κB and IFN-γ expression were determined by the qRTPCR method. IL-6 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. The bleeding, inflammation, and alveolus collapse score were analyzed using the HE staining method. The results showed that SSE could decrease the level of IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-kB, and IFN-γ and improve the bleeding, inflammation, and alveolus score in the lung. SSE could decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve lung condition in ARDS rats model. © 2023, Bogor Agricultural University. All rights reserved.
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In order to comprehensively understand the research hotspots and development trends of Lonicera Japonica Flos in the past 20 years, and to provide intuitive data reference and objective opinions and suggestions for subsequent related research in this field, this study collected 8 871 Chinese literature and 311 English literature related to Lonicera Japonica Flos research in the core collection databases of Wanfang Data), CNKI and Web of Science (WOS) from 2002 to 2021, and conducted bibliometric and visual analysis using vosviewer. The results showed that the research on the active components of Lonicera Japonica Flos based on phenolic acid components, the research on the mechanism of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on data mining and molecular docking technology, and the pharmacological research on the anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of Lonicera Japonica Flos are the three hot research directions in the may become the future research direction. In this paper, we analyze the research on Lonicera Japonica Flos from five aspects: active ingredients, research methods, formulation and preparation, pharmacological effects and clinical applications, aiming to reveal the research hotspots, frontiers and development trends in this field and provide predictions and references for future research.Copyright © Drug Evaluation Research 2022.
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Objectives: The 90-day double-blind phase (DBP) of the Phase 3 EASE study demonstrated accelerated wound healing for Oleogel-S10 (birch triterpenes) versus control gel in epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Here, we report safety and total wound burden results from the 24-month open-label phase (OLP) in which all patients received treatment with Oleogel-S10. Method(s): Total wound burden was assessed using EB Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI) and Body Surface Area Percentage (BSAP). Data are reported without visit windows to reflect a realworld situation more accurately, particularly considering the COVID- 19 pandemic. Result(s): The patient population was made up of dystrophic EB (n = 178, 86.8%) and junctional EB (n = 25, 12.2%);71.7% (n = 147) of patients were aged <18 years. 141 patients (68.8%) completed the OLP. The mean (SD) treatment duration for all patients was 584.7 (246.1) days. Adverse events were reported in 77.1% of all patients in the OLP versus 81.7% of those receiving Oleogel-S10 in the DBP. Mean BSAP for patients treated with Oleogel-S10 in the DBP reduced from 12.1% at study entry to 6.1% with 27 months of treatment. Similarly, the mean EBDASI skin activity score in the Oleogel-S10 group improved from 19.6 to 15.1 after 27 months. In addition, reductions in both BSAP and EBDASI from OLP baseline were observed in patients who transitioned from control gel to Oleogel-S10 in the OLP. Discussion(s): These data support a reassuring long-term safety profile of Oleogel-S10. Furthermore, the reduction in wound burden previously reported with 15 months of Oleogel-S10 treatment is maintained to the end of OLP. This is encouraging given the nature of this chronic genetic disorder in which there is regular cycling of patients' fragile wounds.
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The current outbreak of COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has affected > 210 countries. Various steps are taken by different countries to tackle the current war-like health situation. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH released a self-care advisory for immunomodulation measures during the COVID-19 and this review article discusses the detailed scientific rationale associated with this advisory. Authors have spotted and presented in-depth insight of advisory in terms of immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, co-morbidity associated actions, and their probable mechanism of action. Immunomodulatory actions of advised herbs with no significant adverse drug reaction/toxicity strongly support the extension of advisory for COVID-19 prevention, prophylaxis, mitigations, and rehabilitation capacities. This advisory also emphasized Dhyana (meditation) and Yogasanas as a holistic approach in enhancing immunity, mental health, and quality of life. The present review may open-up new meadows for research and can provide better conceptual leads for future researches in immunomodulation, antiviral-development, psychoneuroimmunology, especially for COVID-19.Copyright © 2021, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University.
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Objective To explore the core targets and important pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced atherosclerosis (AS) progression from the perspective of immune inflammation, so as to predict the potential prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and AS patients, and the "limmar" and "Venn" packages were used to screen out the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) genes in both diseases. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the common DEGs to annotate their functions and important pathways. The two gene sets were scored for immune cells and immune function to assess the level of immune cell infiltration. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, and the CytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape was used to identify the hub genes. Two external validation datasets were introduced to validate the hub genes and obtain the core genes. Immuno-infiltration analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on the core genes respectively. Finally the potential TCM regulating the core genes were predicted by Coremine Medical database. Results A total of 7898 genes related to COVID-19, 471 genes related to AS progression;And 51 common DEGs, including 32 highly expressed genes and 19 low expressed genes were obtained. GO and KEGG analysis showed that common DEGs, which were mainly localized in cypermethrin-encapsulated vesicles, platelet alpha particles, phagocytic vesicle membranes and vesicles, were involved in many biological processes such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway transduction, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and positive regulation, IL-6 production and positive regulation to play a role in regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, Toll-like receptor binding and lipopeptide and glycosaminoglycan binding through many biological pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, complement and coagulation cascade reactions. The results of immune infiltration analysis demonstrated the state of immune microenvironment of COVID-19 and AS. A total of 5 hub genes were obtained after screening, among which Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) and complement C1q subcomponent subunit B (C1QB) genes passed external validation as core genes. The core genes showed strong correlation with immune process and inflammatory response in both immune infiltration analysis and GSEA enrichment analysis. A total of 35 TCMs, including Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Taoren (Persicae Semen), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Pugongying (Taraxaci Herba), Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix), Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), could be used as potential therapeutic agents. Conclusion TLR2, CD163 and C1QB were the core molecules of SARS-CoV-2-mediated immune inflammatory response promoting AS progression, and targeting predicted herbs were potential drugs to slow down AS progression in COVID-19 patients.Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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The prevalence of psychiatric disorders namely depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances has been increased worldwide, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the interest of recent investigations is moved toward phytomedicines and bioactive substances derived from natural sources. Although Tilia platyphyllos Scop. contains high amounts of phenolic compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, and catechin, there is no study on the possible effects of its extract on psychological disorders. The present study was carried out to determine the antidepressant-like, anxiolytic, and sedative-hypnotic effects of the hydroethanolic extract of T. platyphyllos leaves using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex test and open field test (OFT). Following the ethanolic extraction of T. platyphyllos leaves, the extraction yield was 14% and the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were found to be 135.23 +/- 0.14 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 19.02 +/- 0.03 mg rutin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. Both FTS and TST revealed a significant antidepressant-like activity for the tested extract at 400 mg/kg compared to the control group. In addition, the anxiolytic activity of the extract was proven through OFT and EPMT in the same dose. Finally, T. platyphyllos extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the sleeping time when compared to the control group reflecting its potential hypnotic activity. Co-administration of T. platyphyllos extract at 400 mg/kg and flumazenil as the GABA-A receptor antagonist decreased the sleeping time but the observed effect was not statistically significant. Therefore, we cannot completely rule out the GABA-A receptor's involvement in the hypnotic activity of the extract. The biological results presented here led us to conclude that T. platyphyllos extract can be a prominent source of antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic agents. Probably, the main phenolic compounds of T. platyphyllos such as quercetin, kaempferol, and catechin are involved in the observed effects. However, there is still a great need for additional investigations on the exact mechanisms.Copyright © 2022, Iranian Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. All rights reserved.
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Machine learning extracts models from huge quantities of data. Models trained and validated over past data can be deployed in making forecasts as well as in classifying new incoming data. The real world which generates data may change over time, making the deployed model an obsolete one. To preserve the quality of the currently deployed model, continuous machine learning is required. Our approach retrospectively evaluates in an online fashion the behaviour of the currently deployed model. A drift detector detects any performance slump, and, in case, can replace the previous model with an up-to-date one. The approach experiments on a dataset of 8642 hematochemical examinations from hospitalized patients gathered over 6 months: the outcome of the model predicts the RT-PCR test result about CoViD-19. The method reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.794, 6% better than offline and 5% better than standard online-binary classification techniques. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
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Aim Studies have shown that SARS-Cov-2 has the ability to activate proinflammatory cytokine leading to acute inflammation. During the SARS-Cov-2 infection, an increase of the secretion of production TNF-α in seen in COVID-19 patients along with a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and growth factor TGF-ß caused cytokine storm and damaged tissues. Alpinia galanga extract contains several secondary metabolites with strong antiinflammation and antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Alpinia galanga extract on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) acute inflammation cells model stimulated with TNF-α. Methods Alpinia galanga was extracted under maceration methods on ethanol 96%. The PMBC was collected from three healthy humans and isolated using ficol reagent and cultured with the TNF-α 100pg/mL for 72 h. The TNF-α levels were evaluated under ELISA reader. Furthermore, the IL-10 and TGF-ß gene expression was analysed using qRT-PCR after 24 h treatment with Alpinia galanga extract. Results Alpinia galanga extract has no cytotoxic effect on Vero cells with IC50 value of >1000µg/mL. The PBMC acute inflammation cells model stimulated by TNF-α 100pg/mL, after 72 h induction the PBMC cells significantly expressed a high level of TNF-α up to 341±10.87 pg/mL. Furthermore, the treatment of Alpinia galanga significantly increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and growth factor TGF-ß in dose dependent manner. Conclusion These findings suggested that Alpinia galanga extract has strong antiinflammation activity.
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Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is defined as hepatic dysfunction caused by prescription medications, supplements, or xenobiotics after alternative causes have been excluded. As one of the leading causes of acute liver failure, DILI should be considered when patients present with hepatic dysfunction. We present a case of symptomatic DILI secondary to artemisinin use. Case Description/Methods: A 78-year-old Chinese man with no medical history presented to the hepatology clinic with 10 weeks of jaundice, weakness, and pruritis. He started taking Artemisinin/ Bioperine 12 weeks ago to prevent COVID-19 but stopped 3 weeks ago. He denied abdominal pain, a family history of liver disease, substance/alcohol use, and taking other concomitant drugs. Physical examination revealed scleral icterus and no other signs of chronic liver disease. Laboratory studies showed total bilirubin 11 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase 293 U/L, aspartate transaminase 170 U/L, and alanine transaminase 196 U/L with negative workup for hepatitis A, B, and C. CT abdomen and MRCP were unremarkable for liver or biliary pathology. Further serological workup was negative and follow-up labs revealed normalization of liver enzymes and bilirubin. Given the patient's improvement, liver biopsy was not pursued. The patient was instructed to avoid supplements unless prescribed by a physician. Discussion(s): DILI is a global issue with an estimated annual incidence rate of 13.9 to 24.0 per 100,000 persons. Diagnosing DILI is important as it can cause acute liver injury and liver failure in certain cases. Since COVID-19 emerged, supplement use has increased given claims of boosting the immune system. Artemisinin is an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine with antimalarial activity investigated to be a possible COVID-19 treatment, but no current evidence exists to support it being effective against COVID-193. Our patient's supplement also contained Bioperine, a black pepper extract, which is likely benign. Contrarily, artemisinin is a well-described cause of idiosyncratic acute liver injury and hepatotoxicity, causing self-limited mild to moderate transaminitis but also severe cases requiring emergent livertransplantation. Our patient's unrevealing workup, his spontaneous improvement correlating with supplement discontinuation, and RUCAM score of 7 led to high suspicion of DILI secondary to artemisinin. Providers should always ask patients about supplement use and consider DILI when patients present with liver injury. (Table Presented).
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Introduction: We report a case of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) induced by cannabis gummies containing Corydalis Rhizome. Case Description/Methods: A 37-year-old female presented to her primary care clinic with recurrent fevers, night sweats, and myalgias for 7 weeks accompanied by eye redness, brain fog, headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. She denied rashes, tick-bites, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, joint swelling, or genitourinary symptoms. Past medical history was notable for IBS, migraines, and anxiety. She reported edible marijuana use four times a week, rare alcohol use, and denied tobacco use. She denied a family history of liver disease. Physical exam was notable for tachycardia to 110 and scleral injection with the remainder of vitals and exam unremarkable. Initial labs were notable for AST 61, ALT 44 and CRP of 12. CBC, BMP, urinalysis, ESR, blood cultures, blood smear for parasite screen, tests for Lyme disease, Babesia, Tularemia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, EBV, HIV, RPR, ANA, CMV, parvovirus B19, and chest x-ray were all negative. The patient was referred to infectious disease with further testing for West Nile, Leptospira, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and COVID-19 returning negative. Repeat LFTs showed worsening transaminitis with ALT 979 and AST 712, alkaline phosphatase 88, total bilirubin 0.7, and albumin 4.9. Hepatitis workup including hepatitis A, B, and C, HSV, EBV, VZV serologies, AMA, ASMA, antiLKM Ab, acetaminophen level, INR, iron panel, CPK, TSH, and abdominal ultrasound were all normal. It was later discovered that her marijuana gummies contained Corydalis rhizome extract known to be hepatotoxic. Cessation of this drug was strongly advised. She was discharged with hepatology follow-up and underwent a liver biopsy showing patchy periportal and lobular inflammation with extension across the limiting plate, hepatocyte injury and apoptosis, and increased lipofuscin for age compatible with mild to moderate hepatitis. She had complete recovery after cessation of Corydalis-containing gummies. (Figure) Discussion: Our patient consumed '1906 Midnight', an American cannabis brand containing Corydalis rhizopus 100 mg, advertised to improve sleep, pain, and have a liver protective effect. A Korean systematic review on herbal-induced liver injury reported that Corydalis was the 3rd most frequent causative herb, with 36 cases. Although there are several personal accounts on social networking sites and other websites, there are no American-based publications reported on DILI from Corydalis. (Table Presented).
ABSTRACT
Machine learning extracts models from huge quantities of data. Models trained and validated over past data can be deployed in making forecasts as well as in classifying new incoming data. The real world which generates data may change over time, making the deployed model an obsolete one. To preserve the quality of the currently deployed model, continuous machine learning is required. Our approach retrospectively evaluates in an online fashion the behaviour of the currently deployed model. A drift detector detects any performance slump, and, in case, can replace the previous model with an up-to-date one. The approach experiments on a dataset of 8642 hematochemical examinations from hospitalized patients gathered over 6 months: the outcome of the model predicts the RT-PCR test result about CoViD-19. The method reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.794, 6% better than offline and 5% better than standard online-binary classification techniques. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
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The treatment of microbial infections has proven challenging for humans in recent years. Synthetic medications, such as antimicrobial agents, are used for treating these infections. Antimicrobials derived from natural sources have gained popularity as an alternative to manufactured medications due to their lack of adverse effects. Plants, which play a significant role in this setting, have historically served as a reliable natural defence against several pathogens. In this study, studies on plants used against viral diseases are mentioned. Studies on viruses that cause disease have been compiled in the literature. According to the findings, it has been reported in the literature that many different plant species are effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus (A, B) and parainfluenza, Poliovirus, Astrovirus, Parvovirus, Sindbis virus (SINV), Feline calicivirus (FCV), Rhinovirus, Echovirus, Rotavirus, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Reovirus, Vaccinia virus (VACV), Cardiovirus A (Encephalomyocarditis virus;EMCV), Coxsackie virus, Semliki forest, Measles virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Coronavirus, Adenovirus (ADV-3, ADV-5, ADV-8, ADV-11), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Hepatitis A, B, C virus and Enterovirus. To combat viruses, plants can be considered a potentially invaluable natural resource.
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Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid (,CQOL) is derived from Yinqiao San (), which is composed of Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) and Banlangen (Isatidis Radix). It is a common clinical herbal medicine for clearing heat and detoxification, and has antiviral effects. By reviewing the active ingredients of CQOL and the research progress on its anti-influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) efficacy, with view to providing a basis for the clinical use of CQOL in treatment of respiratory diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2.Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To explore the guidance value of "treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions" theory in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on the differences of syndromes and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments in COVID-19 patients from Xingtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Hebei province and Ruili Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine of Yunnan province and discuss its significance in the prevention and treatment of the unexpected acute infectious diseases. Method(s): Demographics data and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from the two hospitals were collected retrospectively and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The information on formulas was obtained from the hospital information system (HIS) of the two hospitals and analyzed by the big data intelligent processing and knowledge service system of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine for frequency statistics and association rules analysis. Heat map-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and formulas. Result(s): A total of 175 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The 70 patients in Xingtai, dominated by young and middle-aged males, had clinical symptoms of fever, abnormal sweating, and fatigue. The main pathogenesis is stagnant cold-dampness in the exterior and impaired yin by depressed heat, with manifest cold, dampness, and deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic methods highlight relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness, accompanied by draining depressed heat. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and Pogostemonis Herba. By contrast, the 105 patients in Ruili, dominated by young females, had atypical clinical symptoms, and most of them were asymptomatic patients or mild cases. The main pathogenesis is dampness obstructing the lung and the stomach, with obvious dampness and heat syndromes. The therapeutic methods are mainly invigorating the spleen, resolving dampness, and dispersing Qi with light drugs. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Platycodonis Radix, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and Pogostemonis Herba. Conclusion(s): The differences in clinical characteristics, TCM syndromes, and medication of COVID-19 patients from the two places may result from different regions, population characteristics, and the time point of the COVID-19 outbreak. The "treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions" theory can help to understand the internal correlation and guide the treatments.Copyright © 2022, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.
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Background and Aims: The covid-19 pandemic has reversed years of progress in the fight to end tuberculosis. So, the discovery of new drugs as antituberculosis is very much needed. Our previous studies have shown that the extract of Centella asiatica is able to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and requires further research. The aims of this study is to prove the effect of Centella asiatica inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rat model tuberculosis. Method(s): The protocol in this study was approved by the veterinary ethics committee of Airlangga University. The rat tuberculosis model was induced by intrathecal injection of a suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37 Rv. Twenty-eight tuberculosis rat were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1,2, and 3 were treated with ethanol extract of Centella asiatica at 375 mg/kgBW, 750 mg/kgBW and 1500 mg/kgBW, and the fourth group was the control group. Centella asiatica extract is administered orally via an intragastric feeding tube for two weeks, once daily At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed by cervical decapitation. The left lung tissue was taken aseptically and cultured on Middlebrook 7H10. Result(s): The results showed that there was no bacterial growth on the culture media in the group that received Centella asiatica extract at a dose of 750 and 1500 mg/kg BW. Conclusion(s): The conclusion in this study, that Centella asiatica extract inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at doses of 750 and 1500 mg/kg BW. We thank the Directorate of Research and Community Services, the Directorate General of Higher Education, and Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia for the financial supportCopyright © 2023 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Background: Plants, with their rich phytochemical treasury, are one of the main sources of drug development. However, a randomized search on plant sources for the discovery of phyto-chemicals with specified pharmacological activity is expensive and tedious. Therefore, it is logical to constrain the sources to increase success. In the recent four decades, the importance of traditional information has been recognized by the scientific community. Consequently, interest in field sur-veys for the documentation of traditional worldwide medicines has significantly increased. Method(s): Infectious diseases induced by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or viruses have been one of the most common health problems for the public, for which traditional remedies have been practiced. Since laypeople could not distinguish the microbial origin of the infection, the remedies used for treatment could not be delineated. The aim of this study was first to search the plants used in Turkish folk medicine for such infectious diseases. The second step was to find scientific evidence in the online databases for the frequently quoted plants whether they may have potential activity against virus replication. Result(s): A reference survey on the most frequently quoted plants revealed that 16 out of 17 were shown to possess virucide or inhibitory effects on the replication of various viruses. Conclusion(s): Since each virus type may have a different viral replication pattern, further detailed in-vestigations should be carried out to reveal their exact antiviral potentials.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Dayuanyin,a representative prescription for the treatment of dampness pathogen lodging in pleurodiaphragmatic interspace syndrome,was first recorded in Treatise on Pestilence(<<>>)by Wu Youke in the Ming Dynasty for dealing with pestilence,and it still plays an important role in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)differentiated into dampness stagnating in lung syndrome. The related original ancient records were retrieved from the Chinese Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Version 5.0),Full-text Database of Ancient Chinese Medicine Books,and Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (http://www. gydc. ac. cn:81/),with 'Dayuanyin' and 'Dayuansan' as the search terms,followed by statistical analysis and textual research. The composition,dosage,processing of original medicinal materials,efficacy, indications, processing and administration methods, modern basic research, and clinical applications of Dayuanyin were summarized,so as to provide literature reference for its modern development and clinical application. The findings demonstrated that the composition in most medical records was identical with that of the original prescription,except that some records concerning Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Tsaoko Fructus differed. In terms of dosage,it did not change much,with the only difference observed in Tsaoko Fructus. The processing methods of medicinal materials in Dayuanyin were not specified in historical records,so the raw medicinal materials were recommended. The processing and administration methods in the original record were basically followed in the later generations,except that some medical records chose Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens as the guide and changed the decocting amount and administration time. In terms of efficacy and indications, Dayuanyin was originally developed for dispelling pathogenic Qi away from the pleurodiaphragmatic interspace, but later employed for the treatment of such diseases as 'pestilence','epidemic malaria',and 'seasonal epidemic'. It was mainly indicated to 'epidemic diseases' with latent pathogen in pleurodiaphragmatic interspace as the pathogenesis and fever as the manifestation. In modern clinical application,ancients physicians considered 'fever' and 'powder-like tongue coating' as the important signs for this prescription. Modern physicians have utilized Dayuanyin for treating fever,diseases in the digestive,respiratory,urinary,and endocrine systems,skin diseases,pediatric diseases,as well as epidemic diseases like influenza,severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),and avian flu due to its good effects.Copyright © 2021, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.
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Ferula asafoetida is an endemic species in Iran and is rich in oleo-gum resin with high economic value in the world. One important application of F. assafoetida is its traditional use for the management of respiratory ailments. The aim of this review was to collect papers dealing with F. asafoetida oleo-gum resin in respiratory tract's diseases in modern medicine. For preparing the manuscript the scientific databases (Google scholar, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, Magiran), books, thesis, etc. were searched using the keywords of "Ferula asafoetida", "Ferula scorodesma", "Scorodesma foetida", "Northex asafoetida" plus "respiratory tract", "respiratory disorder" "infection", "cough", "trachea", "traditional medicine" up to Feb 2022 and the collected data were sum-marized, analyzed, and discussed. The results of the investigation confirmed the traditional belief on the efficacy of Ferula asafoetida in the treatment of respiratory viral infection (Coronavirus, influ-enza), cigarette smoking, asthma, cough and cancer, but most studies were limited to in vitro. There was only one registered randomized, blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial for 300 mg F. asafoet-ida aqueous extract capsules (three times a day for 14 days) on 40 patients with COVID-19 without any published results. Although, the studies implied the efficacy of F. asafoetida in the treatment of respiratory treatments, but design large clinical studies for evaluating its efficacy and safety is essential in future investigations.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Herbal plant extracts or purified phytocomponents have been extensively used to treat several diseases since ancient times. The Indian Ayurvedic system and Chinese traditional medicines have documented the medicinal properties of important herbs. In Ayurveda, the polyherbal formulation is known to exhibit better therapeutic efficacy compared to a single herb. This review focuses on six key ayurvedic herbal plants namely, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhiza glabra/Licorice, Zingiber officinale, Emblica officinalis and Ocimum sanctum. These plants possess specific phytocomponents that aid them in fighting infections and keeping body healthy and stress-free. Plants were selected due to their reported antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in several diseases and effectiveness in controlling viral pathogenesis. An ad-vanced literature search was carried out using Pubmed and google scholar. Result(s): These medicinal plants are known to exhibit several protective features against various diseases or infections. Here we have particularly emphasized on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties which are common in these six plants. Recent literature analysis has revealed Ashwagandha to be protective for Covid-19 too. The formulation from such herbs can exhibit synergism and hence better effectiveness against infection and related dis-eases. The importance of these medicinal herbs becomes highly prominent as it maintains the har-monious balance by way of boosting the immunity in a human body. Further, greater mechanistic analyses are required to prove their efficacy in fighting infectious diseases like Covid-19. It opens the arena for in-depth research of identifying and isolating the active components from these herbs and evaluating their potency to inhibit viral infections as polyherbal formulations.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.